The Portuguese did their starfortin' thing in what is now the Angolan capital city of Luanda in the 16th and 17th centuries, a process from which we only have the one example left today, which is...(look down a little and you'll see what it is)...

Fortaleza de São Miguel

Sadly, there are no starforts in Australia. But there are a few lovely coastal fortifications, such as...

Fort Glanville

The Azores were claimed by Portugal around 1430, but Spain took control of Portugal in 1580, and with it their colonial holdings. Portugal regained the Azores in 1642, but not before Spain had built itself a starfort there!

Belarus has pretty much spent the last millenium being overrun by various galloping hordes. Russia of course was the major offender in this case, and 'twas Russia that built the starforts one might find there today.

Spain, the Netherlands, Prussia and France all squabbled over what is now Belgium. Starforts there today were mostly built to get rid of all those non-Belgian folks.

Forts Liefkenshoek and Lillo

Fort de Huy

Citadel Diest

Spain and Portugal got to Bermuda first, but 'twas Great Britain built its starforts.

The Keep

Brazil's early history was dominated by Portugal and the Netherlands, both of whom liked to build starforts with those guerite dingleberries on the tips of their bastions.

Forte de Sao Mateus

Fort Orange

Forte dos Reis Magos

Fortaleza de
São José de Macapá

Cabo Verde is one of the many remote spots on this earth that were blessed with Portuguese starforts.

Forte Real de São Filipe

France and Great Britain spent a lot of time, effort and blood over Canada in the 17th through 19th centuries. And then of course there was the pesky United States, hungrily eyeing the north. What's left of Canada's starforts today are primarily leftovers from the failed dream that was Acadia, and defenses against American incursion.

Fort Lennox

Fort Erie

Spain was the Most Catholic Bringer of Starforts to Chile.

Fuerte de Niebla

One generally doesn't think starforts when one thinks China. Portugal's small presence there in the 16th century brought us the only starfort I can find in China. When China could have used a good starfort or two was during the Opium Wars of the mid-19th century, but they didn't have the time or know-how to build one.

Monte Fort

Italy and Austria were mostly responsible for the starforts of Croatia.

Slavonski Brod Fortress

Starforts were definitely the "in" thing when Spain and Great Britain were squabbling over Cuba. Havana is one of the most heavily-starforted cities on earth.

Castillo de la
Real Fuerza

Castillo de San
Salvador de la Punta

Fortaleza de San Carlos
de la Cabana

Castillo de
San Serevino

The Holy Roman Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire were the driving forces behind what starforts are now present in the Czech Republic.

Terezin

Fortress Josefov

Špilberk Castle

Vyšehrad

Denmark fought both with and against lots of its neighbors from the 16th through 18th centuries, and was an early starfort adopter...and they're the only country that I've found that grants all of their starforts one-word names!

Kastellet

Kronborg

Skansin

Egypt was of course a thing long before any of the starfort-obsessed nations got their act together, and its glory days had long faded by the time starforts came into vogue. Happily, France and Great Britain were all too happy to spread their starfortin' expertise around.

Estonia spent most of the starfort age being tossed around betwixt Sweden, Denmark and Russia.

The Swedes were the bigshot power in Scandanavia in the 17th and 18th centuries, and it was they who did most of the starfort work in Finland.

France has been a distinct nation for over a thousand years, and was one of the leading authorities on starfortery since its inception at the end of the Middle Ages. Vauban, a famed military engineer and advisor of King Louis XIV, is known as the Father of the Starfort.

Citadel of
Saint-Martin

Fort
de la Pree

Fort Lagarde

Fort Carre

Chateau d'if

Citadelle
de Lille

Fortifications of Besancon

Fort Vallières

Citadelle Vauban

Fort Delgrès

Fort Desaix

Le Citadelle de Perpignan

Rocroi

Fort Saint Elmo

Citadelle d'Ajaccio

Fort Lupin

Fort des Têtes

Citadelle Bayonne

Fort et des Îles

Citadelle de Bitche

Fort Médoc

Fort Nieulay

Forteresse Île du Large

Fort Lamalgue

Fort Mont Louis

Fort Diamant

Germany's starforts have been more difficult for me to find that those in most other nations. Since its unification didn't come about until 1871, the things that all those little pre-unified states built starforts to defend are a little harder to initially surmise than the heavily-starforted port facilities so enjoyed by most other European nations. Still, as you can see, Germany built plenty of starforts, and I have found some of them.

Fortress
Doemitz

Zitadelle
Spandau

Zitadelle
Petersberg

Fort Gorgast

Schloss Rheydt

Festung Ehrenbreitstein

Zitadelle
Jülich

Festung Marienberg

Festung Rosenberg

England, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Portugal and who knows who else all built starforts in Ghana.

Greece's glory days were long gone by the time the starfort revolution began. What few can be found there now were built by the Ottoman Turks.

Haiti chased out the French, Spanish and British and then immediately enjoyed a burst of starfort-building!

The starforts of Honduras come to us thanks to the Spanish Empire.

The Ottomans and Austrians had a lot to do with how Hungary developed as a nation, but many of its starforts were home-grown affairs.

India is a nation whose history is inextricably entwined with Great Britain's. Their starforts were either built by the British or built to fight the British...or by Portugal before the British even knew there was an India!

Indonesia was liberally sprinkled with starforts built first by the Portuguese, the Dutch and then the English, mostly due to spices!

Persia, or modern-day Iran, is one of many out-of-the-way places that benefited from the generously starfort-providing benevolence of the Portuguese.

The starfort was invented in Italy: When kings of other lands wanted a starfort, they asked for a Trace Italienne. Though not unified as a nation until the 1860's, the invasion in 1494 by France's King Charles VIII jump-started Italy's fortification technology.

Japan built two starforts right when the rest of the world was deciding that starforts were no longer the fashionable thing. But at the time, western military things were the fashionable thing in Japan! Japan eventually caught up and surpassed the west in some regards, but anyway, here are their two starforts.

Fort Goryokaku

At the risk of insulting some of my more sensitive Russian friends, I will say that the starforts of Kazakhstan came into being due to Russian military activity. Is that all right? Can I say that? Because it certainly seems to be the case.

Novo-Alexandrovskiy Fort

Those Portuguese. They just built starforts everywhere.

Fort Jesus

We can thank Sweden for its 17th century bullying, for without it, Latvia might have no starforts whatsoever. Well. Russia helped, too.

Daugavgriva

Lithuania's fortifications come to us courtesy of Teutonic Knights, Prussia and Germany. In that order.

Spit Fort

Luxembourg is small. Very small. But it was big enough to support what was probably the most extensively-fortified city in history: Fortress Luxembourg, of which the cute lil' fort below was a part.

Fort Thüngen

Portugal got to Malaysia first, but Great Britain is responsible for its starfort.

Fort Cornwallis

Malta, meet the Knights Hospitaliers. Now stand aside while they build starforts all over you.

Fort Manoel

Every starfort that Spain built in Mexico has been described as "Spain's most important fort in the new world." Which is 100% accurate, as every starfort is the most important starfort.

Portugal and Spain built forts, star- and otherwise, in Morocco...But there were home-grown starfort entries as well!

The Netherlands' starforts are early examples, mostly of the fortified city variety as opposed to the stand-alone fort concept.

Naarden

New Zealand's forts mostly took the form of the Maori's homegrown fortification concept, the pā, but fortunately white guys made some out of masonry as well.

Fort Jervois

Close proximity to such heavyweights as Russia, Sweden and the Netherlands, plus being visited from time to time by the British Navy, caused a need for starforts in Norway. The world's northernmost starfort is located at Vardo, Norway.

Vardøhus Fortress

The British were the starfort-building culpruits in Pakistan, back when Pakistan was India, which was back when India was really Britain.

Handyside Fort

Spanish Conquistador activity brought about Peru's single entry into the galaxy of starforts.

Fuerte del Real Felipe

Spain, Spain, Spain. Spain colonized many places, and built many starforts. One of those places was the Philippines, and some of those starforts are below!

Fuerte de San Pedro

Prussia is responsible for much of Poland's starfortery, but Poland was a military power in its own right for hundreds of years, so they built starforts of their own as well.

Fortress of
Wisloujscie

Portugal was one of the world's leading exporters of starforts, sprinkling them liberally throughout the planet, from South America to Africa to China.

Fort of Almeida

Elvas

Forte de Sao
Juliao da Barro

Estremoz Castle

Spain and Great Britain's Caribbean wranglings were the genesis of Puerto Rico's starfortage.

Fort San
Felipe del Morro

Romania's spent much of its history being wedged betwixt the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, both of whom we can thank for the starforts that are there today.

Alba Iulia

Russia has plenty of starforts, many of which were built in the 18th century as part of a series of fortified lines.

Peter and Paul
Fortress

Ivangorod Fortress

Serbia has several of centuries' worth of animosity betwixt the Habsburgs and the Ottomans to thank for its starforts.

Petrovaradin Fortress

What is today Slovakia spent almost a thousand years as part of the Hungarian, then Austro-Hungarian Empire. Starforts there were built as defense against the wicked Turkish horde.

Leopoldov

Komarno

The Dutch built South Africa's single starfort. Africa is a very lightly starforted continent, second only to Australia. And Australia is tied with Antarctica.

Castle of Good Hope

One of the world's leading exporters of starforts, Spain also has plenty at home!

Ciudadela de Jaca

Castillo de
San Felipe

Castillo de
San Fernando

Fortaleza
San Carlos

Fortaleza
de Hacho

Castillo de
Santa Catalina

Castillo de
Montjuïc

Real Fuerte de la
Concepción

Portugal and the Dutch were the starfort builders in Sri Lanka.

Galle Fort

Star Fort

The Dutch got to Suriname before Portugal did. To the winners go the starforts.

Fort New Amsterdam

Sweden was a power player in northern Europe in the starfort era, and as such built plenty all around them.

Castle
Elfsborg

Bohus Fortress

Varberg Fortress

Landskrona
Citadel

Drottningskärs
Kastell

The Dutch and Spanish both spent time doing their thing in Taiwan, but its one stellar starfort example was a native-built (if not -designed), world-class powerhouse!

Eternal Golden Castle

Turkey?! Turkey has starforts? Well, Turkey sort of has starforts.

Yedikule Fortress

Ukraine was once part of Russia. Now it is just the Ukraine. I'm sorry, is it the Ukraine, or plain old Ukraine? Whatever it is, it has some starforts.

Perekop Fortress

As an island nation whose existence depended on its navy, Great Britain's ports were its most important strategic asset. That and the fact that its expansion dovetailed nicely with the age of the starfort made for plenty for us to enjoy!

Tilbury Fort

There are still Spanish, French and British starforts in what is today the United States, but one of the first imperatives for the new US government after the War of 1812 was to built starforts, as Washington DC had been put to the torch by the British and no one was interested in allowing that to happen again. You'll perhaps note that the US' starforts are heavily represented here: I don't know if the US necessarily has more standing starforts today than any other nation, but they're certainly the easiest for me to find and research!

Fort Monroe

Fort Ontario

Fort Stanwix

Fort Jefferson

Fort Independence

Fort Morgan

Fort Crown Point

Fort Jay

Fort Negley

Fort Ticonderoga

Fort Wayne

Fort Delaware

Fort Wood

Fort Washington

The Defenses of
Washington DC

Fort Pickens

Fort Macon

Fort Mifflin

Uruguay benefited from Spain and Portugal's colonial squabbles...because colonial squabbles in the Age of Discovery led to starforts!

Fortaleza de Santa Teresa

Venezuela was Spain's first permanent settlement in South America, and Spain is known for its starfort-based colonization.

Castillo San Felipe

Vietnam got a late start in the starfort game, but built some home-grown examples to combat the scourge of western imperialism.

Dien Hai Citadel